Mesoporous Co3O4@CdS nanorods as anode for high-performance lithium ion batteries with improved lithium storage capacity and cycle life.

Transition metal oxides based anodes are facing crucial problems of capacity fading at long cycles and high rates due to electrode degradations. In this prospective, an effective strategy is employed to develop advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the present work, a mesoporous Co3O4@CdS hybrid sructure is developed and investigated as anode for LiBs. The hybrid structure owning porous nature and large specific surface area, provides an opportunity to boost the lithium storage capabilities of Co3O4 nanorods. The Co3O4@CdS electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1292 mA h g-1 at 0.1C and a very stable reversible capacity of 760 mA h g-1 over 200 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 92.7%. In addition, the electrode exhibits excellent cyclic stability even after 800 cycles and good rate performance as compared to previously reported electrodes. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirm the enhanced kinetics of the Co3O4@CdS electrode. The efficient performance of the electrode may be due to the increased surface reactivity, abundant active sites/interfaces for rapid Li+ ion diffusion and the synergy between Co3O4 and CdS NPs. This work demonstrates that Co3O4@CdS hybrid structures have great potential for high performance batteries.

Millimeter-wave channel modeling in a VANETs using coding techniques.

The Vehicular ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is envisioned to ensure wireless transmission with ultra-high reliability. In the presence of fading and mobility of vehicles, error-free information between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) requires extensive investigation. The current literature lacks in designing an ultra-reliable comprehensive tractable model for VANET using millimeter wave. Ultra-reliable communication is needed to support autonomous vehicular communication. This article aims to provide a comprehensive tractable model for VANET over millimeter waves using Space-Time-Block-Coding (STBC) concatenated with Reed Solomon (RS) coding. The designed model provides the fastest way of designing and analyzing VANET networks on 60 GHz. By using the derived BER expressions and Reed Solomon coded doppler expression ultra-reliable vehicular networks can be build meeting the demands of massive growing volume of traffic. The performance of the model is compared with previous BER computational techniques and existing VANET communication systems, i.e., IEEE 802.11bd and 3rd generation partnership project vehicle to everything (3GPP V2X). The findings show that our proposed approach outperforms IEEE 802.11bd and the results are comparable with V2X NR. Packet Error Rate (PER), Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and throughput are used as performance metrics. We have also evaluated the model on higher velocities of vehicles. Further, the simulation and numerical findings show that the proposed system surpass the existing BER results comprising of various modulation and coding techniques. The simulation results are verified by the numerical results there-by, showing the accuracy of our derived expressions.

A Thematic Analysis of Online Uveitis Support Groups.

PURPOSE: To report the availability and activity of online uveitis support groups. METHODS: An online search was conducted for support groups for uveitis. Member count and activity were recorded. Posts and comments were graded along five themes: emotional or personal story sharing, information seeking, offer of outside information, emotional support, and expressions of gratitude. RESULTS: An online search resulted in 32 support groups for uveitis. Across all groups, there was a median membership of 725 (IQR 1410.5). Of the 32 groups, five were active and accessible at the time of study. In these five groups, 337 posts and 1406 comments were made within the past year. The most prevalent theme in posts consisted of information seeking (84%) while the most prevalent theme in comments consisted of emotion or personal story sharing (65%). CONCLUSIONS: Online uveitis support groups provide a unique space for emotional support, information sharing, and community building.Abbreviations: OIUF - Ocular Inflammation and Uveitis Foundation.

DDLSNet: A Novel Deep Learning-Based System for Grading Funduscopic Images for Glaucomatous Damage.

Purpose: To report an image analysis pipeline, DDLSNet, consisting of a rim segmentation (RimNet) branch and a disc size classification (DiscNet) branch to automate estimation of the disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS). Design: Retrospective observational. Participants: RimNet and DiscNet were developed with 1208 and 11 536 optic disc photographs (ODPs), respectively. DDLSNet performance was evaluated on 120 ODPs from the RimNet test set, for which the DDLS scores were graded by clinicians. Reproducibility was evaluated on a group of 781 eyes, each with 2 ODPs taken within 4 years apart. Methods: Disc damage likelihood scale calculation requires estimation of optic disc size, provided by DiscNet (VGG19 network), and the minimum rim-to-disc ratio (mRDR) or absent rim width (ARW), provided by RimNet (InceptionV3/LinkNet segmentation model). To build RimNet's dataset, glaucoma specialists marked optic disc rim and cup boundaries on ODPs. The "ground truth" mRDR or ARW was calculated. For DiscNet's dataset, corresponding OCT images provided "ground truth" disc size. Optic disc photographs were split into 80/10/10 for training, validation, and testing, respectively, for RimNet and DiscNet. DDLSNet estimation was tested against manual grading of DDLS by clinicians with the average score used as "ground truth." Reproducibility of DDLSNet grading was evaluated by repeating DDLS estimation on a dataset of nonprogressing paired ODPs taken at separate times. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was a weighted kappa score between clinicians and the DDLSNet pipeline with agreement defined as ± 1 DDLS score difference. Results: RimNet achieved an mRDR mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.04 (± 0.03) and an ARW MAE of 48.9 (± 35.9) degrees when compared to clinician segmentations. DiscNet achieved 73% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70%, 75%) classification accuracy. DDLSNet achieved an average weighted kappa agreement of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.68) compared to clinicians. Average interclinician agreement was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.56). Reproducibility testing demonstrated that 96% of ODP pairs had a difference of ≤ 1 DDLS score. Conclusions: DDLSNet achieved moderate agreement with clinicians for DDLS grading. This novel approach illustrates the feasibility of automated ODP grading for assessing glaucoma severity. Further improvements may be achieved by increasing the number of incomplete rims sample size, expanding the hyperparameter search, and increasing the agreement of clinicians grading ODPs.

RimNet: A Deep Neural Network Pipeline for Automated Identification of the Optic Disc Rim.

Purpose: Accurate neural rim measurement based on optic disc imaging is important to glaucoma severity grading and often performed by trained glaucoma specialists. We aim to improve upon existing automated tools by building a fully automated system (RimNet) for direct rim identification in glaucomatous eyes and measurement of the minimum rim-to-disc ratio (mRDR) in intact rims, the angle of absent rim width (ARW) in incomplete rims, and the rim-to-disc-area ratio (RDAR) with the goal of optic disc damage grading. Design: Retrospective cross sectional study. Participants: One thousand and twenty-eight optic disc photographs with evidence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage from 1021 eyes of 903 patients with any form of primary glaucoma were included. The mean age was 63.7 (± 14.9) yrs. The average mean deviation of visual fields was -8.03 (± 8.59). Methods: The images were required to be of adequate quality, have signs of glaucomatous damage, and be free of significant concurrent pathology as independently determined by glaucoma specialists. Rim and optic cup masks for each image were manually delineated by glaucoma specialists. The database was randomly split into 80/10/10 for training, validation, and testing, respectively. RimNet consists of a deep learning rim and cup segmentation model, a computer vision mRDR measurement tool for intact rims, and an ARW measurement tool for incomplete rims. The mRDR is calculated at the thinnest rim section while ARW is calculated in regions of total rim loss. The RDAR was also calculated. Evaluation on the Drishti-GS dataset provided external validation (Sivaswamy 2015). Main Outcome Measures: Median Absolute Error (MAE) between glaucoma specialists and RimNet for mRDR and ARW. Results: On the test set, RimNet achieved a mRDR MAE of 0.03 (0.05), ARW MAE of 31 (89)°, and an RDAR MAE of 0.09 (0.10). On the Drishti-GS dataset, an mRDR MAE of 0.03 (0.04) and an mRDAR MAE of 0.09 (0.10) was observed. Conclusions: RimNet demonstrated acceptably accurate rim segmentation and mRDR and ARW measurements. The fully automated algorithm presented here would be a valuable component in an automated mRDR-based glaucoma grading system. Further improvements could be made by improving identification and segmentation performance on incomplete rims and expanding the number and variety of glaucomatous training images.

Recent Advances in Molecular Improvement for Potato Tuber Traits.

Potato is an important crop due to its nutritional value and high yield potential. Improving the quality and quantity of tubers remains one of the most important breeding objectives. Genetic mapping helps to identify suitable markers for use in the molecular breeding, and combined with transgenic approaches provides an efficient way for gaining desirable traits. The advanced plant breeding tools and molecular techniques, e.g., TALENS, CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, and cisgenesis, have been successfully used to improve the yield and nutritional value of potatoes in an increasing world population scenario. The emerging methods like genome editing tools can avoid incorporating transgene to keep the food more secure. Multiple success cases have been documented in genome editing literature. Recent advances in potato breeding and transgenic approaches to improve tuber quality and quantity have been summarized in this review.

Quantification of Anterior Chamber Cells in Children With Uveitis Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for measuring anterior chamber (AC) cells in children with uveitis and to compare different AS-OCT acquisition modes. DESIGN: Validity and reliability analysis. METHODS: We enrolled children younger than 18 years who had uveitis involving the anterior segment and children without eye disease as controls. All underwent clinical grading of AC cells. AC images of each eye were obtained using the Optovue Avanti RTVue XR AS-OCT. Two acquisition modes were used: a single cross-sectional line scan and an 8-line radial scan in an asterisk pattern. Two independent, masked graders counted cells manually on AS-OCT images. Rater agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS: Included were 30 children (59 eyes) with uveitis (median age 13.0 years, range 3-17 years) and 20 control children (40 eyes, median age 10.5 years, range 4-17 years). The number of eyes assigned each clinical grade of cells were as follows: none, 32 (54%); 0.5+, 12 (20.3%); 1+, 5 (8.5%); 2+, 8 (13.6%); 3+, 2 (3.4%). ICC of graders for line and radial scan protocols were 0.87 and 0.90. There was no significant difference between acquisition modes for pooled grader results (95% CI for difference: -0.04 to 0.14). ICC of cell counts between line and radial scan protocols was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.69-0.90). No control eyes had cells on AS-OCT images. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of AC cell in children with uveitis is feasible with AS-OCT and has excellent reliability between different graders and acquisition modes.

Genetic Diversity and Health Properties of Polyphenols in Potato.

Polyphenol is one of the most essential phytochemicals with various health benefits. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is known as a potential source of polyphenols, and also has health benefits in which phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, sustainably play the most significant role. Almost every polyphenol contributes to various biological activities. In this review, we collected comprehensive information concerning the diversity of polyphenols in potatoes, and the effects of post-harvest processing and different cooking methods on the bioavailability of polyphenols. To achieve maximum health benefits, the selection of potato cultivars is necessary by choosing their colors, but various cooking methods are also very important in obtaining the maximum concentration of polyphenolic compounds. The health properties including major biological activities of polyphenols, such as antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-obesity activity, and antidiabetic activity, have also been summarized. All these biological activities of polyphenols in potatoes might be helpful for breeders in the design of new varieties with many health benefits, and are expected to play a vital role in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

Identification of C-T novel polymorphism in 3rd exon of OsSPL14 gene governing seed sequence in rice.

Recently food shortage has become the major flagging scenario around the globe. To resolve this challenge, there is dire need to significantly increase crop productivity per unit area. In the present study, 24 genotypes of rice were grown in pots to assess their tillering number, number of primary and secondary branches per panicle, number of grains per panicle, number of grains per plant, and grain yield, respectively. In addition, the potential function of miR156 was analyzed, regulating seed sequence in rice. Furthermore, OsSPL14 gene for miR156 was sequenced to identify additional mutations within studied region. The results demonstrated Bas-370 and L-77 showed highest and lowest tillers, respectively. Bas-370, Rachna basmati, Bas-2000, and Kashmir Basmati showed high panicle branches whereas, L-77, L-46, Dilrosh, L-48, and L-20 displayed lowest panicle branches. Bas-370 and four other studied accessions contained C allele whereas, L-77 and 18 other investigated accessions had heterozygous (C and T) alleles in their promoter region. C-T allelic mutation was found in 3rd exon of the OsSPL14 gene. The sequence analysis of 12 accessions revealed a novel mutation (C-T) present ~2bp upstream and substitution of C-A allele. However, no significant correlation for novel mutation was found for tillering and panicle branches in studied rice accessions. Taken together present results suggested novel insight into the binding of miR156 to detected mutation found in 3rd exon of the OsSPL14 gene. Nevertheless, L-77, L-46, Dilrosh, L-48, and L-20 could be used as potential breeding resource for improving panicle architecture contributing yield improvement of rice crop.

Numerical computation of 3D Brownian motion of thin film nanofluid flow of convective heat transfer over a stretchable rotating surface.

This research examines the thin-film nanomaterial movement in three dimensions over a stretchable rotating inclined surface. Similarity variables are used to transform fundamental systems of equations into a set of first-order differential equations. The Runge-Kutta Fourth Order approach is utilized for numerical computations. The impact of embedded parameters (variable thickness, unsteadiness, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Brownian-motion, and thermophoretic) is examined carefully. Physically and statistically, the indispensable terms namely Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also investigated. Results indicated that, as the dimensionless parameter S raises, the temperature field decreases. In reality, as the values of S increases, heat transmission rate from the disc to the flowing fluid reduces. Internal collisions of liquid particles are physically hampered at a low rate. The momentum boundary layer is cooled when the parameter S is increased, as a consequence local Nusselt number rises. Sherwood number decreases as the parameter S increases because of inter collision of the microscopic fluid particles. Enhancing in the apparent viscosity and concentrations of the chemical reactions, a higher Schmidt number, Sc, lowers the Sherwood number. With increasing values of Prandtl number the Nusselt number decreases. For validation purpose, the RK4 method is also compared with homotopy analysis method (HAM). The results are further verified by establishing an excellent agreement with published data.

Mathematical Simulation of Casson MHD Flow through a Permeable Moving Wedge with Nonlinear Chemical Reaction and Nonlinear Thermal Radiation.

The influence of the chemical interaction and dynamic micropolar convective heat transfer flow of Casson fluid caused by a moving wedge immersed in a porous material was explored. The Joule heating owing to magnetized porous matrix heating was also deliberated. The mathematical formulation for mass conservation, momentum, energy, and concentration profiles was expressed in the form of partial differential equations. The dimensionless set of ordinary equations was reduced from modeled equations via a transformation framework and then solved by the RK4 built-in function in MATLAB SOFTWARE by taking a step size of Δη=0.01. The existing work was compared with the published work. The iteration procedure was stopped until all of the nodes in the η-direction met the convergence condition 10-5. The physical appearance of material parameters on the flow field, temperature, concentration, drag force, and Nusselt number was discussed through plots. The numerical results were obtained for limiting circumstances. The unsteadiness factor thinned the velocity boundary layer but decreased the thermal and concentration boundary layers. By increasing the Eckert number, the nondimensional temperature profile was enhanced. The novelty of the present study is that no one has numerically investigated the magnetized Casson fluid over a moving wedge in the presence of a chemical reaction and thermal radiation.

Characterization of functional genes GS3 and GW2 and their effect on the grain size of various landraces of rice (Oryza sativa).

BACKGROUND: Grain size is an essential factor of grain quality and yield in rice. The genetic studies have substantially contributed to enhancing yield and maintaining a good quality of rice. The two major genes GS3 (a negative regulator of grain length) and GW2 (a negative regulator of grain width) with functional mutation play a significant role in controlling the grain size of rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the study, 17 different widely grown Pakistani landraces of various genetic and geographic backgrounds were evaluated for grain phenotypic traits (1000-grain weight, length, width, and thickness) and also screened for genotypic mutation in GS3 and GW2 genes. Phenotypic data revealed the range for grain weight from 16.86 g (Lateefy) to 26.91 g (PS2), grain length ranged from 7.27 mm (JP-5) to 12.18 mm (PS2), grain width ranged from 2.01 mm (Lateefy) to 3.51 mm (JP5), and grain thickness ranged from 1.79 mm to 2.19. Correlation revealed a negative and significant correlation between grain width and length. There was no significant correlation between grain length and 1000-grain weight and grain width. LSD test displayed that the means of three variables grain length, grain width, and 1000-grain weight were statistically different from one another except grain width and grain breadth. Fifteen accessions carried the domesticated allele of GS3 while JP5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the dominant allele. Similarly, fifteen accessions carried the dominant allele of GW2 while JP-5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the mutant allele. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the mutant alleles of both genes are of significance to pyramid them in any breeding program. However, just incorporating favorable alleles is not the sole solution for improving the grain size. Therefore, further elucidation of GS3 and GW2 genes regulatory network, their interaction, trade-off, and pathways will better coordinate their marker-assisted selection in the future breeding program. Additionally, the study concluded that the selection of grain size was not dependent on 1000-grain weight in the selected germplasm.

Radiomics Based Bayesian Inversion Method for Prediction of Cancer and Pathological Stage.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Bayesian inversion framework on longitudinal chest CT scans which can perform efficient multi-class classification of lung cancer. METHODS: While the unavailability of large number of training medical images impedes the performance of lung cancer classifiers, the purpose built deep networks have not performed well in multi-class classification. The presented framework employs particle filtering approach to address the non-linear behaviour of radiomic features towards benign and cancerous (stages I, II, III, IV) nodules and performs efficient multi-class classification (benign, early stage cancer, advanced stage cancer) in terms of posterior probability function. A joint likelihood function incorporating diagnostic radiomic features is formulated which can compute likelihood of cancer and its pathological stage. The proposed research study also investigates and validates diagnostic features to discriminate accurately between early stage (I, II) and advanced stage (III, IV) cancer. RESULTS: The proposed stochastic framework achieved 86% accuracy on the benchmark database which is better than the other prominent cancer detection methods. CONCLUSION: The presented classification framework can aid radiologists in accurate interpretation of lung CT images at an early stage and can lead to timely medical treatment of cancer patients.

Selective Synthesis of N-Acylnortropane Derivatives in Palladium-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation.

The aminocarbonylation of various alkenyl and (hetero)aryl iodides was carried out using tropane-based amines of biological importance, such as 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (nortropinone) and 3α-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropine) as N-nucleophile. Using iodoalkenes, the two nucleophiles were selectively converted to the corresponding amide in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/2 PPh3 catalysts. In the presence of several iodo(hetero)arenes, the application of the bidentate Xantphos was necessary to produce the target compounds selectively. The new carboxamides of varied structure, formed in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions, were isolated and fully characterized. In this way, a novel synthetic method has been developed for the producing of N-acylnortropane derivatives of biological importance.

Intramuscular abdominal hibernoma: case report of a rare tumour and a review of the literature.

Hibernoma is a rare benign tumour that was first described by Merkel in 1906. It arises from remnants of brown fat and has a differential diagnosis of lipoma and liposarcoma. This is a case report of a 31-year-old male with a slow-growing mass in the left flank that produced constant pain radiating to the groin. Computerised tomography localised the mass within the external oblique muscle, which showed some heterogeneity and low attenuation. The mass appeared hypodense to muscle on T1 and hyperdense to muscle on T2 weighted magnetic resonance images. Prominent vascularity of the mass was noted. Finally, the lesion was found to be a 'typical' hibernoma on core-needle biopsy. It was surgically resected with a cuff of muscle. He recovered without complication, and there is no clinical evidence of recurrence at 6 months.

Efficient enzymatic saccharification of alkaline and ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo by highly active extremozymes produced by the co-culture of two halophilic fungi.

Herein, we studied two strains of halophilic fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus penicillioides) as potential potent sources of hydrolases under solid-state fermentation conditions. We found that the co-culture of these two fungal species was associated with maximal CMCase, FPase, xylanase, and ß-xylosidase activity under optimized fermentation conditions. These enzymes functioned optimally at pH values from 9.0 to 10.0, at temperatures from 50 °C to 60 °C, and in the presence of 15-20% NaCl. These enzymes were also stable in metal salt solutions and the presence of ionic liquids. Reducing sugar yields following the cellulase-hemicellulase co-treatment of untreated, alkaline-pretreated, and ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo were higher than those associated with separate cellulase and hemicellulase treatments, thus confirming the synergistic activity of cellulase-hemicellulase co-treatment in the context of bamboo saccharification. These results indicate that these two fungi are promising hydrolase producers that can facilitate the bioconversion of bamboo biomass.

Contemporary Review to Reduce Groin Surgical Site Infections in Vascular Surgery.

Surgical site infection (SSIs) in lower extremity vascular procedures is a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. Despite previous advancements in preoperative and postoperative care, the surgical infection rate in vascular surgery remains high, particularly when groin incisions are involved. However, successfully targeting modifiable risk factors reduces the surgical site infection incidence in vascular surgery patients. We conducted an extensive literature review to evaluate the efficacy of various preventive strategies for groin surgical site infections. We discuss the role of preoperative showers, preoperative and postoperative antibiotics, collagen gentamicin implants, iodine impregnated drapes, types of skin incisions, negative pressure wound therapy, and prophylactic muscle flap transposition in preventing surgical site infection in the groin after vascular surgical procedures.

Method for IOL Power Calculation in the Second Eye of Patients With Previous Keratorefractive Surgery.

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate a method for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the second operative eye of patients with a history of keratorefractive surgery. METHODS: All eyes had undergone cataract surgery by a single surgeon from 2015 to 2018. Postoperative outcomes on the first eye (eg, IOL power implanted and postoperative refractive error) were used to back calculate a "Real K" for the first eye. The difference (delta) between the second and first eye topographic simulated keratometry values was then added to the first eye Real K to calculate the second eye Real K. This Real K value was inputted into the Holladay IOL Consultant software as an "alternate K" to derive an accurate IOL power for the second eye. Mean absolute error, mean error, and percentage of eyes on target using the Delta K method were compared with results obtained with intraoperative abserrometry and the Haigis-L and Barrett True-K No History formulas. RESULTS: The mean error for the Delta K method was significantly better than the Haigis-L (P = .00001) and Barrett True-K No History (P = .027) formulas, and on par with intra-operative aberrometry (P = .25). The mean absolute error of the Delta K method was significantly better than the Haigis-L formula (P = .03). The Delta K mean absolute error was on par with intraoperative aberrometry (P = .81) and the Barrett True-K No History formula (P = .56). CONCLUSIONS: The Delta K mean absolute error is comparable to the Barrett True-K No History formula. The mean error is lower than that calculated with the Barrett True-K No History formula and comparable to intraoperative aberrometry. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(12):826-831.].

Melting Flow in Wire Coating of a Third Grade Fluid over a Die Using Reynolds' and Vogel's Models with Non-Linear Thermal Radiation and Joule Heating.

Wire coatings are necessary to provide protection from the aggressive environment and to add mechanical strength to wires and cables. In this study, we investigated the effect of radiative linear as well as non-linear heat transfer on the wire coating in response to joule heating, using a third grade fluid as the coating material. For the temperature dependent viscosity, two models namely-Reynolds' and Vogel's-were used. The non-linear ordinary differential equations were solved analytically by the Homotropy Analysis Method (HAM). Numerical technique was also applied for comparison and good agreement was found. It is interesting to note that the temperature parameter had a remarkable effect on the temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics in the flow region within the die. It was observed that the velocity of the fluid within the die decreased as the magnetic parameter increased, while the magnetic field had an accelerating effect on the temperature distribution. Near the surface of the wire, the velocity of the coating material accelerated as the temperature parameter and radiation parameter increased. Analysis also showed that the temperature of the coating material decreased with increasing radiation and temperature parameters.